SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
SIMPLE
PRESENT TENSE
A.Pattern :
(+)S+V-1(s/es) + O + keterangan
waktu.
(-)S + do/does + not +V-1 +O +
keterangan waktu.
(?)Do/does + S +V-1+ O + keterangan
waktu?
Example :
(+)You study English at MEC
everyday.
(-)You don't study English at MEC everyday.
(?)Do you study English at MEC
everyday?
1. Kalau subjek kalimat orang ketiga tunggal (the
third person singular-she/he/it), kata kerja harus ditambah dengan
"s" atau "es" dalam kalimat positif (positive statement).
Contoh:
- Mary usually goes swimming on Saturday
morning.
- Mother always serves our breakfast before we go
to school.
- My brother likes playing tennis on Sunday
morning
2.
Akhiran "s" pada kata kerja Pada umumnya kata kerja ditambah dengan
akhiran "s" jika subjeknya orang ketiga tunggal (the third person
singular he/she/it).
Contoh:
- I work five days a week.
- We play tennis every Sunday
- The boys play in the garden
- She works five days a week.
- Father takes a train to go to office.
- A mouse eats my food every morning.
3.
Akhiran "es" digunakan pada kata kerja yang huruf akhirnya "s,
ch, sh, x, o", jika subjeknya orang ketiga tunggal. Sedangkan kata kerja
yang huruf akhimya "y" dan didahului huruf mati, y ditukar dulu
dengan "i" kemudian ditambah "es"
Contoh:
- I pass the house.
- You watch television.
- We wash our clocthes.
- They go to office.
- I study English
- He passes the house.
- John goes to office.
- She washes her clothes.
- She watches television.
- He studies English
B.Penggunaan
1. Simple Present digunakan untuk
menunjukkan suatu peristiwa, kejadian, kegiatan yang terjadi berulang-ulang,
atau merupakan suatu kebiasaan (habit).
Contoh:
- I leave for office at 6 every morning.
- My father works five days a week.
- Father always drinks tea in the afternoon.
2. Simple Present juga digunakan
untuk menunjukkan suatu fakta (fact) atau suatu yang merupakan kebenaran umum
(general truth).
Contoh:
- The River Nile flows into Mediterranean.
- Jet engines make a lot of noise.
Vegetarians don't eat meat and
fish.
3. Simple Present juga digunakan
untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang akan terjadi di waktu yang akan datang, jika
kita membicarakan suatu Jadwal, program, dan lain-lain.
Contoh:
- The second train leaves at 10 a.m.
- The football match starts at 4 p.m tomorrow.
- The second film begins at 7 p.m.
C. Keterangan
Waktu (Adverb of time)
1. Adverb of frequency
always : selalu
Usually : biasanya
generally :
umumnya
ever (?) : pernah
Sometimes :
kadang-kadang
occasionally :
kadarag-kaclang
never : tidak pernah Seldom
: jarang
2. Adverb of quantity
once … : sekali ...
once a day : sekali dalam
sehari
once a week : sekali dalam
seminggu
twice … : dua kali ...
three times … : tiga kali
dalam ...
every … : setiap ...
PRESENT
CONTINUOUS TENSE
A. Pola Kalimat
(+) S + to be
(is,am,are) + V-ing + O+ keterangan waktu.
(-) S + to be
(is,am,are) + not + V-ing + O+ keterangan waktu
(?) To be (is,am,are) + S + V
ing + O+ keterangan waktu?
Contoh :
(+) We are studying English at
BEC now.
(-) We aren't studying English at
BEC now
(?) Are we studying English at BEC
now?
1. Kalimat menyangkal
(negative)
Kalimat menyangkal (negative)
dibentuk dengan menambahkan "not" sesudah to be (am not, is
not/isn't, are not/aren't) dan ditempatkan sesudah subjek kalimat.
Contoh :
- Mary is not/isn't typing the monthly report.
- The students are not/aren't studying English in the
classroom.
- I'm not/ am not preparing a minute of meeting.
2. Kalimat tanya
(interrogative)
Kalimat tanya (interrogative statement)
dibentuk dengan menempatkan to be (is, am, atau are) di depan kalimat. Dalam
kalimat tanya to be "am, is, atau are" artinya
"apakah".
Contoh :
- Are you doing your homework?
- Is your father still working in the
office?
- Are the children playing in the garden?
3. Kesesuaian subject dan auxiliary
verb di tenses ini adalah sebagai berikut :
- AM digunakan oleh subject I.
- IS digunakan oleh subject she, he, dan it.
- ARE digunakan oleh subject you, we, dan they.
B. Penggunaan
1. Present continuous tense
digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang sedang terjadi
atau berlangsung saat kita sedang bicara
Contoh:
- My brother is painting the house.
- Please be quiet! The baby is sleeping.
- Listen! The neighbors are quarrelling again.
2. Present continuous tense
digunakan untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang bersifat
sementara (temporary).
Contoh:
- I am living with my friend until I can find a
house.
- This machine is not working well. John is living in his
friend's flat at the moment.
David is always busy because he is
working on his thesis.
3. Present continuous tense
digunakan tamtuk menunjukkan suatu keadaan atau situasi yang
berubah-ubah.
Contoh:
- The population of Indonesia is rising very fast.
- Our economic situation is already very bad and it is
getting worse.
- The cost of living is increasing. Every month things
are dearer.
4. Present continuous tense
digunakan untuk menunjukkan sesuatu yang akan dilakukan di waktu yang akan
datang dan telah direncanakan atau ditentukan sebelumnya.
Contoh:
- I am meeting my father at the station tomorrow
morning.
- We are holidaying in Europe next month.
- My father is having a meeting with his staff tomorrow
morning.
C. Kata/frase yang biasa
digunakan dalam present continuous tense
Now : Sekarang
At present : Sekarang Ini
.
At this moment : Pada
Saat Ini
Right now : Sekarang
Ini
Still :
Masih
Look : Lihat
Listen : Dengarkan
SIMPLE
PAST TENSE
A. Pola Kalimat
(+) S + V2 + 0 + keterangan
waktu.
(-) S + did + not + V1 + O+
keterangan waktu.
(?) Did + S + V1 + O+
keterangan waktu?
Contoh :
(+) You visited my mother
yesterday.
(-) You didn't visit my mother
yesterday.
(?) Did you visit my mother
yesterday?
1. Simple past tense menggunakan
keterangan waktu lampau.
2. Semua subject menggunakan DID
untuk kalimat negative dan interrogative
B. Penggunaan
1. Simple past tense digunakan untuk
menunjukkan suatu kejadian, peristiwa atau keadaan yang terjadi pada waktu
lampau.
Contoh:
- The children enjoyed the party last night.
- His father died when he was ten years old.
2. Simple past tense juga digunakan
untuk menanyakan waktu terjadinya suatu kejadian atau peristiwa
Contoh:
- When did you buy this new car?
- When did she get married?
- When did you buy this English dictionary?
- When did your brother leave for England?
PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE
A. Pola Kalimat
(+) S + was/were + V-ing + O +
keteran.gan waktu
(-) S + was/were + not + V-ing
+ 0 + keteran.gan waktu
(?) Was/were + S + V-ing + 0 +
keterangan waktu?
Contoh :
(+) We were watching movie at
02.00 pm yesterday.
(-) We weren't watching movie
at 02.00 pm yesterday
(?) Were we watching movie at
02.00 pm yesterday?
1. Kalimat menyangkal (negative statement)
Kalimat menyangkal (negative
statement) dibentuk dengan menambahkan "not" sesudah "was/
were" (was not/wasn't, were not/weren't) dan ditempatkan sesudah subjek
kalimat.
Contoh :
- I was not/wasn't waiting for a bus at 5 yesterday
afternoon. (Saya tidak sedang menunggu bis pada jam 5 sore kemarin.)
- She was not/wasn't doing her homework when mother
called her last night. (Dia tidak sedang mengerjakan pekerjaan rumahnya
ketika ibu memanggilnya tadi malam.)
2. Kalimat tanya (interrogative
statement)
Kalimat tanya (interrogative
statement) dibentuk dengan menempatkan "was/were" di depan kalimat.
Dalam kalimat tanya, "was/were" berarti "apakah".
Contoh :
- Were you studying English at 6 o'clock p.m yesterday?
(Apakah kamu sedang belajar bahasa Inggris pada jam 6 kemarin sore?)
- Was she reading a book when you came to her house last
night? (Apakah dia sedang membaca buku ketika kamu datang ke rumahnya tadi
malam?)
3. Kesesuaian subject dan auxiliary
verb di tenses ini adalah sebagai berikut :
WAS digunakan oleh subject I, she,
he, dan it. WERE digunakan oleh subject you, we, dan they
4. Keterangan waktu yang biasa
dipakai dalam tenses ini adalah :
… when : … ketika
while … : sementara …
At … o’ clock yesterday : pada
pukul … kemarin
All morning yesterday : Sepanjang
pagi kemarin
B. Penggunaan
1. Untuk menyatakan aktivitas yang
sedang dilakukan di masa lampau.
Contoh :
- I was studying, at eight o'clock last night
2. Past continuous tense digunakan
untuk menunjukkan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada suatu
saat tertentu di waktu lampau.
Contoh :
- I was watching television at eight o'clock last night.
(Saya sedang menonton televisi pada jam delapan tadi malam. )
- She was doing her homework at 2 p.m. yesterday. (Dia
sedang mengerjakan pekerjaan rumahnya pada jam dua sore
kemarin.)
3. Past continuous digunakan untuk
menunjukkan suatu kejadian atau peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu
lampau dan kemudian kejadiaa atau peristiwa lainnya menyusul.
Contoh :
- When I came home last night, my little sister was
watching television. (Ketika saya pulang ladi malam, adik saya sedang
menonton televisi.)
- They were waiting for a bus when I met them yesterday
afternoon. (Mereka sedang menunggu bis ketika saya bertemu mereka kemarin
sore.)
- She was typing a letter when I wanted to see her. (Dia
sedang mengetik sepucuk surat ketika saya ingin bertemu dengannya.)
4. Past continuous tense juga
digunakan untuk menunjukkan dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung
pada saat yang sama di waktu lampau.
Contoh :
- I was watching television while father was reading a
book. atau While father was reading a book, I was watching television.
- The students were discussing their lesson while the
professor was speaking to his guest. atau While the professor was speaking
to his guest, the students were discussing their lesson.
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